Embedded System

Embedded System is a specialized computer system that embedded into an appliance with one or more micro-controller. A Micro-controller is a small computer on a single integrated circuit(IC) containing a processor core, memory and a programmable input/output peripherals. A memory in a form flash is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. The micro-controllers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications. Examples of embedded system devices are Personal digital assistant(PDA), Cellphones, Camera etc.Personal digital assistant(PDA) also known as Palmtop Computer is a mobile devices that function as a personal information manager. its embedded with 32-bits of microprocessor. Embedded system include both hardware and software to implement and it is expected to function without human intervention and to respond, monitors, controls external environment using sensors.

Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Some embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale. Physically, embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants. Complexity varies from low, with a single micro controller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.

Typically, an embedded system is housed on a single microprocessor board with the programs stored in ROM. Virtually all appliances that have a digital interface -- watches, microwaves, VCRs, cars -- utilize embedded systems. Some embedded systems include an operating system, but many are so specialized that the entire logic can be implemented as a single program.

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♣ In today's world, embedded systems are everywhere -- homes, offices, cars, factories, hospitals, plans and consumer electronics. Their huge numbers and new complexity call for a new design approach, one that emphasizes high-level tools and hardware/software tradeoffs, rather than low-level assembly-language programming and logic design.